74638 bc insight missing l1origintooold handler in proposer causes infinite retry loop halting l2 finality and l2 l1 withdrawals

Submitted on Apr 24th 2026 at 00:01:37 UTC by @AlexMyas for Audit Comp | Base Azul

• Report ID: #74638

• Report Type: Blockchain/DLT

• Report severity: Insight

• Target: https://github.com/base/base/releases/tag/v0.8.0-rc.15

Description

Brief/Intro

The Base Azul proposer enters a permanent infinite retry loop when a proof's l1_head expires after ~27h, preventing new dispute games from being created and blocking all L2→L1 withdrawals until a manual restart. This is the sibling of the stall fixed in PR #2221 — L1OriginTooOld was not handled alongside GameAlreadyExists.

Vulnerability Details

l1_head is baked into the proof at dispatch time and cannot be refreshed (pipeline.rs:957, server.rs:171). After 8,191 L1 blocks (~27h), the contract rejects it:

if (blockAge > EIP2935_WINDOW) revert L1OriginTooOld(); // AggregateVerifier.sol:963

estimate_gas catches this before broadcast. The error hits classify_tx_manager_error() (output_proposer.rs:25), which only special-cases GameAlreadyExists — L1OriginTooOld falls through to SubmitAction::Failed (pipeline.rs:1196).

The Failed handler re-queues the same stale proof:

// pipeline.rs:579
state.proved.insert(target_block, proof); // stale proof re-inserted, loop repeats

No escape exists: prune_stale only removes entries ≤ recovered_block; dispatch_proofs skips blocks in state.proved; no retry cap on submission failures.

Fix: route L1OriginTooOld to SubmitAction::Discard — drops the stale proof so a fresh one is requested on the next tick.

} else if e.is_l1_origin_too_old() {
    Err(SubmitAction::Discard(e))
}

Impact Details

• No new dispute games → L2 finality stalls, all L2→L1 withdrawals blocked.

• L2 sequencer unaffected; only finality and bridges halt.

• Recovery: operator restart (minutes); proof regenerates automatically with fresh l1_head.

• Trigger: prover or L1 RPC outage lasting >27h while a proof is in-flight.

References

• crates/proof/proposer/src/pipeline.rs L579, L1196

• crates/proof/proposer/src/output_proposer.rs L25

• src/multiproof/AggregateVerifier.sol L963

• PR #2221: fix(proposer): break GameAlreadyExists stall — analogous fix

Proof of Concept

1. Proposer dispatches proof for L2 block N; l1_head is baked in at this moment (pipeline.rs:957).

2. Prover/L1 RPC outage lasts >8,191 L1 blocks (~27h). Proof lands in state.proved.

3. try_submit → estimate_gas → reverts L1OriginTooOld (AggregateVerifier.sol:963).

4. classify_tx_manager_error() has no case for it → SubmitAction::Failed → stale proof re-inserted into state.proved (pipeline.rs:586).

5. Next tick (12s): same proof, same revert. Loop repeats indefinitely.

6. prune_stale never clears block N; dispatch_proofs never re-proves it. Proposer halted until manual restart.